The position of the CG directly influences the fuel consumption of an aircraft. An aft position of the CG makes the aircraft less stable, requiring less lift to be generated in both the horizontal stabilizer and wings, reducing the overall drag of the aircraft, and increasing the max range.

You want to load the the aircraft so that the CG is at, or as close as possible, to the aft limit (Without exceeding it).

No, VMCG is defined as the minimum control speed on the ground, with one engine inoperative (critical engine on two engine airplanes), takeoff power on other engine(s), using aerodynamic controls only for directional control and thus only applicable to ME aircraft.

A swept wing makes the velocity vector normal to the leading edge a shorter distance than the chordwise resultant.

Center of pressure moves forward when approaching a stall.

To varify the nose gear position (up or down).

Radiation fog forms on cloudless nights with only very light winds and high relative humidity when the cold ground cools the air above it to its dew point causing condensation (fog).

Usually occurs inland in valleys and low lying areas (as these areas tend to have more moisture) and usually occurs in a high pressure system.

Dutch roll is an aircraft stability issue involving oscillations of rolling and yawing motions. It occurs when the aircraft's nose deviates from its path, causing rolling in the opposite direction due to the vertical fin's side force. This generates a yawing moment, resulting in a cycle of yawing and rolling motions. Dutch roll can be problematic for passenger comfort and pilot control. Measures like tail fin design, yaw dampers, and control inputs are used to counteract it and maintain stability.

To monitor the flight management and aircraft control actions of the Pilot Flying and carry out support duties such as communications and check-list reading.

anhedral is the downward inclinitation of the wing from the root to the tip.

Battery power to the starter motors.