A METAR is an observation of the actual weather given by a meteorological observer at that aerodrome.

Windshear is a change of wind speed and/or direction from place to place, including updraughts and down draughts.

It is ussualy characterized by a strong change over a short distance. Windshear can effect the flight path and airspeed and can be hazardous.

Range = 1.23(√H1 + √H2)

= 1.23 * √32000

= 220 nm

V1 is lower when the runway is wet than when the runway is dry, because of the longer ASDR on a wet runway.

The FMA indicates what system is controlling the aircraft and what mode is operational.

Swept back wings

For every 1kg of air passing through the combustion chamber, 11kg of air pass bypass the combustion chamber.

There are 2 types of leading edge devices:

-Slats. Slats are movable surfaces on the leading edge of the wing which when deployed, allow the wing to operate at a higher angle of attack, by delaying separation in the wing upper surface.

-Leading edge flaps (Krueger). Leading edge flaps are hinged on the leading edge of the wing and extend forward and down when deployed. they provide similar benefits as trailing edge flaps, by increasing wing surface area and camber.

5000 litres

(4 tonnes / 0.8 = 5000 litters)

When rolling the aircraft the up-going wing will experience more drag than the down-going wing. This will result in a yawing moment that directly opposes the desired direction of turn. (i.e.: rolling left will cause a right yaw.)